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One of the Great Miracles [74:35]

The Quran is characterized by a unique phenomenon never found in any human authored book. Every element of the Quran is mathematically composed—the suras, the verses, the words, the number of certain letters, the number of words from the same root, the number and variety of divine names, the unique spelling of certain words, the absence or deliberate alteration of certain letters within certain words, and many other elements of the Quran besides its content. There are two major facets of the Quran's mathematical system: (1) The mathematical literary composition, and (2) The mathematical structure involving the numbers of suras and verses. Because of this comprehensive mathematical coding, the slightest distortion of the Quran's text or physical arrangement is immediately exposed.

Simple to Understand — Impossible to Imitate

For the first time in history we have a scripture with built-in proof of divine authorship—a superhuman mathematical composition.

Any reader of this book can easily verify the Quran's mathematical miracle. The word "God" (Allah) is written in bold capital letters throughout the text. The cumulative frequency of occurrence of the word "God" is noted at the bottom of each page in the left hand corner. The number in the right hand corner is the cumulative total of the numbers for verses containing the word "God." The last page of the text, Page 372, shows that the total occurrence of the word "God" is 2698, or 19×142. The total sum of verse numbers for all verses containing the word "God" is 118123, also a multiple of 19 (118123 = 19×6217).

Nineteen is the common denominator throughout the Quran's mathematical system.

This phenomenon alone suffices as incontrovertible proof that the Quran is God's message to the world. No human being(s) could have kept track of 2698 occurrences of the word "God," and the numbers of verses where they occur. This is especially impossible in view of (1) the age of ignorance during which the Quran was revealed, and (2) the fact that the suras and verses were widely separated in time and place of revelation. The chronological order of revelation was vastly different from the final format (Appendix 23). However, the Quran's mathematical system is not limited to the word "God;" it is extremely vast, extremely intricate, and totally comprehensive.

The Simple Facts

Like the Quran itself, the Quran's mathematical coding ranges from the very simple, to the very complex. The Simple Facts are those observations that can be ascertained without using any tools. The complex facts require the assistance of a calculator or a computer. The following facts do not require any tools to be verified, but please remember they all refer to the original Arabic text:

  1. The first verse (1:1), known as "Basmalah" consists of 19 letters.
  2. The Quran consists of 114 suras, which is 19×6.
  3. The total number of verses in the Quran is 6346, or 19×334. [6234 numbered verses & 112 un-numbered verses (Basmalahs) 6234 + 112 = 6346] Note that 6 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 19.
  4. The Basmalah occurs 114 times, despite its conspicuous absence from Sura 9 (it occurs twice in Sura 27) & 114 = 19×6.
  5. From the missing Basmalah of Sura 9 to the extra Basmalah of Sura 27, there are precisely 19 suras.
  6. It follows that the total of the sura numbers from 9 to 27 (9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + ... + 26 + 27) is 342, or 19×18.
  7. This total (342) also equals the number of words between the two Basmalahs of Sura 27, and 342 = 19×18.
  8. The famous first revelation (96:1-5) consists of 19 words.
  9. This 19-worded first revelation consists of 76 letters, 19×4.
  10. Sura 96, first in the chronological sequence, consists of 19 verses.
  11. This first chronological sura is placed atop the last 19 suras.
  12. Sura 96 consists of 304 Arabic letters, and 304 equals 19×16.
  13. The last revelation (Sura 110) consists of 19 words.
  14. The first verse of the last revelation (110:1) consists of 19 letters.
  15. 14 different Arabic letters form 14 different sets of "Quranic Initials" (such as A.L.M. of 2:1), and prefix 29 suras. These numbers add up to 14 + 14 + 29 = 57 = 19×3.
  16. The total of the 29 sura numbers where the Quranic Initials occur is 2 + 3 + 7 + ... + 50 + 68 = 822, and 822 + 14 (14 sets of initials) equals 836, or 19×44.
  17. Between the first initialed sura (Sura 2) and the last initialed sura (Sura 68) there are 38 un-initialed suras, 19×2.
  18. Between the first and last initialed sura there are 19 sets of alternating "initialed" and "uninitialed" suras.
  19. The Quran mentions 30 different numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 99, 100, 200, 300, 1000, 2000, 3000, 5000, 50,000, & 100,000. The sum of these numbers is 162146, which equals 19×8534.

This is a condensed summary of the Simple Facts.

The Literary Mathematical Composition

The Quran is characterized by a unique phenomenon never found in any other book; 29 suras are prefixed with 14 different sets of "Quranic Initials," consisting of one to five letters per set. Fourteen letters, half the Arabic alphabet, participate in these initials. The significance of the Quranic initials remained a divinely guarded secret for 14 centuries.

The Quran states in 10:20 and 25:4-6 that its miracle, i.e., proof of divine authorship, was destined to remain secret for a specific predetermined interim:

They said, "Why hasn't a miracle come down to him from his Lord?" Say, "Only God knows the future. Therefore, wait, and I will wait along with you." [10:20]

* * * * * *

Those who disbelieved said, "This is no more than a fabrication by him, with the help of other people." Indeed, they uttered a blasphemy; a falsehood. Others said, "Tales from the past that he wrote down; they were dictated to him day and night." Say, "This was sent down from the One who knows the secret in the heavens and the earth." Surely, He is Forgiving, Most Merciful. [25:4-6]

Table 1: List of the Quranic Initials and Their Suras
No. Sura No. Sura Title Quranic Initials
12The HeiferA.L.M.
23The AmramitesA.L.M.
37The PurgatoryA.L.M.S.
410JonahA.L.R.
511HûdA.L.R.
612JosephA.L.R.
713ThunderA.L.M.R.
814AbrahamA.L.R.
915Al-Hijr ValleyA.L.R.
1019MaryK.H.Y.'A.S.
1120T.H.T.H.
1226The PoetsT.S.M.
1327The AntT.S.
1428HistoryT.S.M.
1529The SpiderA.L.M.
1630The RomansA.L.M.
1731LuqmaanA.L.M.
1832ProstrationA.L.M.
1936Y.S.Y.S.
2038S.S.
2140ForgiverH.M.
2241ElucidatedH.M.
2342ConsultationH.M. 'A.S.Q.
2443OrnamentsH.M.
2544SmokeH.M.
2645KneelingH.M.
2746The DunesH.M.
2850Q.Q.
2968The PenNuN

The Quranic Initials constitute a major portion of the Quran's 19-based mathematical miracle.

Historical Background

In 1968, I realized that the existing English translations of the Quran did not present the truthful message of God's Final Testament. For example, the two most popular translators, Yusuf Ali and Marmaduke Pickthall, could not overcome their corrupted religious traditions when it came to the Quran's great criterion in 39:45.

When God ALONE is mentioned, the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter shrink with aversion. But when others are mentioned beside Him, they rejoice. [39:45]

Yusuf Ali omitted the crucial word "ALONE" from his translation, and altered the rest of the verse by inserting the word "(gods)." Thus, he utterly destroyed this most important Quranic criterion. He translated 39:45 as follows:

When God, the One and Only, is mentioned, the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter are filled with disgust and horror; but when (gods) other than He are mentioned, behold, they are filled with joy. [39:45]

(according to A. Yusuf Ali)

The expression "When God, the One and Only, is mentioned," is not the same as saying, "When God alone is mentioned." One can mention "God, the One and Only," and also mention Muhammad or Jesus, and no one will be upset. But if "God ALONE is mentioned," you cannot mention anyone else, and a lot of people—those who idolize Muhammad or Jesus—will be upset. Thus, Yusuf Ali could not bring himself to present the truth of the Quran, if it exposed his corrupted belief.

Marmaduke Pickthall translated "ALONE" correctly, but destroyed the criterion by inserting his personal belief in parentheses; he translated 39:45 as follows:

And when Allah alone is mentioned, the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter are repelled, and when those (whom they worship) beside Him are mentioned, behold! they are glad. [39:45]

(according to Marmaduke Pickthal)

When I saw the truth of God's word thus distorted, I decided to translate the Quran, at least for the benefit of my own children. Since I was a chemist by profession, and despite my extensive religious background—my father was a renowned Sufi leader in Egypt—I vowed to God that I would not move from one verse to the next unless I fully understood it.

I purchased all the available books of Quranic translations and exegeses (Tafseer) I could find, placed them on a large table, and began my translation. The first sura, The Key, was completed in a few days. The first verse in Sura 2 is "A.L.M." The translation of this verse took four years, and coincided with the divine unveiling of "the secret," the great mathematical Miracle of the Quran.

The books of Quranic exegeses unanimously agreed that "no one knows the meaning or significance of the Quranic Initials A.L.M., or any other initials." I decided to write the Quran into the computer, analyze the whole text, and see if there were any mathematical correlations among these Quranic initials.

I used a time-share terminal, connected by telephone to a giant computer. To test my hypothesis, I decided to look at the single-lettered Quranic Initials—"Q" (Qaaf) of Suras 42 and 50, "S" (Saad) of Suras 7, 19, and 38, and "N" (Noon) of Sura 68. As detailed in my first book MIRACLE OF THE QURAN: SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MYSTERIOUS ALPHABETS (Islamic Productions, 1973), many previous attempts to unravel the mystery had failed.

The Quranic Initial "Q" (Qaaf)

The computer data showed that the text of the only Q-initialed suras, 42 and 50, contained the same number of Q's, 57 and 57. That was the first hint that a deliberate mathematical system might exist in the Quran.

Sura 50 is entitled "Q," prefixed with "Q," and the first verse reads, "Q, and the glorious Quran." This indicated that "Q" stands for "Quran," and the total number of Q's in the two Q-initialed suras represents the Quran's 114 suras (57 + 57 = 114 = 19×6). This idea was strengthened by the fact that "the Quran" occurs in the Quran 57 times.

The Quran is described in Sura "Q" as "Majid" (glorious), and the Arabic word "Majid" has a gematrical value of 57: M(40) + J(3) + I(10) + D(4) = 57.

Sura 42 consists of 53 verses, and 42 + 53 = 95 = 19×5. Sura 50 consists of 45 verses, and 50 + 45 = 95, same total as in Sura 42.

By counting the letter "Q" in every "Verse 19" throughout the Quran, the total count comes to 76, 19×4. Here is a summary of the Q-related data:

  1. The frequency of occurrence of "Q" in Sura "Q" (No. 50) is 57, 19×3.
  2. The letter "Q" occurs in the other Q-initialed sura (No. 42) exactly the same number of times, 57.
  3. The total occurrence of the letter "Q" in the two Q-initialed suras is 114114 = 19 × 6, which equals the number of suras in the Quran.
  4. "The Quran" is mentioned in the Quran 57 times.
  5. The description of the Quran as "Majid" (Glorious) is correlated with the frequency of occurrence of the letter "Q" in each of the Q-initialed suras. The word "Majid" has a gematrical value of 57.
  6. Sura 42 consists of 53 verses, and 42 + 53 = 95, or 19×5.
  7. Sura 50 consists of 45 verses, and 50 + 45 is also 95, 19×5.
  8. The number of Q's in all verses numbered "19" throughout the Quran is 76, 19×4.

Glimpses of the Quran's mathematical composition began to emerge. For example, it was observed that the people who disbelieved in Lot are mentioned in 50:13 and occur in the Quran 13 times—7:80; 11:70, 74, 89; 21:74; 22:43; 26:160; 27:54, 56; 29:28; 38:13; 50:13; and 54:33. Consistently, they are referred to as "Qawm," with the single exception of the Q-initialed Sura 50 where they are referred to as "Ikhwaan." Obviously, if the regular, Q-containing word "Qawm" were used, the count of the letter "Q" in Sura 50 would have become 58, and this whole phenomenon would have disappeared. With the recognized absolute accuracy of mathematics, the alteration of a single letter destroys the system.

Another relevant example is the reference to Mecca in 3:96 as "Becca"! This strange spelling of the renowned city has puzzled Islamic scholars for many centuries. Although Mecca is mentioned in the Quran properly spelled in 48:24, the letter "M" is substituted with a "B" in 3:96. It turns out that Sura 3 is an M-initialed sura, and the count of the letter "M" would have deviated from the Quran's code if "Mecca" was spelled correctly in 3:96.

NuN (Noon)

This initial is unique; it occurs in one sura, 68, and the name of the letter is spelled out as three letters—Noon Wow Noon—in the original text, and is therefore counted as two N's. The total count of this letter in the N-initialed sura is 133, 19×7.

The fact that "N" is the last Quranic Initial (see Table 1) brings out a number of special observations. For example, the number of verses from the first Quranic Initial (A.L.M. of 2:1) to the last initial (N. of 68:1) is 5263, or 19×277.

The word "God" (Allah) occurs 2641 (19×139) times between the first initial and the last initial. Since the total occurrence of the word "God" is 2698, it follows that its occurrence outside the initials "A.L.M." of 2:1 on one side, and the initial "N" of 68:1 on the other side, is 57, 19×3. Tables 9 to 20 prove that the initial "NuN" must be spelled out to show two N's.

S (Saad)

This initial prefixes three suras, 7, 19, and 38, and the total occurrence of the letter "S" (Saad) in these three suras is 152, 19×8 (Table 2). It is noteworthy that in 7:69, the word "Bastatan" is written in some printings with a "Seen," instead of "Saad." This is an erroneous distortion that violates the Quran's code. By looking at the oldest available copy of the Quran, the Tashkent Copy, it was found that the word "Bastatan" is correctly written with a "Seen."

Table 2: The Frequency of Occurrence of the Letter "S" in the Saad-initialed Suras
Sura Frequency of "S"
797
1926
3829
Total152152 = 19 × 8 (19×8)
Historical Note

The photocopy from the Tashkent Quran (the oldest existing copy) confirms that the word "Bastatan" in 7:69 is correctly written with a "Saad" — not a "Seen" — validating the mathematical integrity of the S-count in Sura 7.

Historical Note

The momentous discovery that "19" is the Quran's common denominator became a reality in January 1974, coinciding with Zul-Hijjah 1393 A.H. The Quran was revealed in 13 B.H. (Before Hijrah). This makes the number of years from the revelation of the Quran to the revelation of its miracle 1393 + 13 = 1406 = 19×74. As noted above, the unveiling of the Miracle took place in January 1974. The correlation between 19×74 lunar years and 1974 solar years could not escape notice. This is especially uncanny in view of the fact that "19" is mentioned in Sura 74.

Y.S. (Ya Seen)

These two letters prefix Sura 36. The letter "Y" occurs in this sura 237 times, while the letter "S" (Seen) occurs 48 times. The total of both letters is 285, 19×15.

It is noteworthy that the letter "Y" is written in the Quran in two forms; one is obvious and the other is subtle. The subtle form of the letter may be confusing to those who are not thoroughly familiar with the Arabic language. A good example is the word "Araany," which is mentioned twice in 12:36. The letter "Y" is used twice in this word, the first "Y" is subtle and the second is obvious. Sura 36 does not contain a single "Y" of the subtle type. This is a remarkable phenomenon, and one that does not normally occur in a long sura like Sura 36. In his book QURAN: VISUAL PRESENTATION OF THE MIRACLE (Islamic Productions, 1982) every "Y" and "S" in Sura 36 is marked with a star.

H.M. (Ha Mim)

Seven suras are prefixed with the letters "H" and "M"; Suras 40 through 46. The total occurrence of these two letters in the seven H.M.-initialed suras is 2147, or 19×113. The detailed data are shown in Table 3.

Naturally, the alteration of a single letter "H" or "M" in any of the seven H.M.-initialed suras would have destroyed this intricate phenomenon.

Table 3: Occurrence of the Letters "H" and "M" in the Seven H.M.-initialed Suras
Sura No. "H" "M" "H + M"
4064380380 = 19 × 20444444 ÷ 19 → r7
4148276276 ÷ 19 → r10324324 ÷ 19 → r1
4253300300 ÷ 19 → r15353353 ÷ 19 → r11
4344324324 ÷ 19 → r1368368 ÷ 19 → r7
4416150150 ÷ 19 → r17166166 ÷ 19 → r14
4531200200 ÷ 19 → r10231231 ÷ 19 → r3
4636225225 ÷ 19 → r16261261 ÷ 19 → r14
Total292292 ÷ 19 → r718551855 ÷ 19 → r1221472147 = 19 × 113 (19×113113 ÷ 19 → r18)

'A.S.Q. ('Ayn Seen Qaf)

These initials constitute Verse 2 of Sura 42, and the total occurrence of these letters in this sura is 209, or 19×11. The letter "'A" ('Ayn) occurs 98 times, the letter "S" (Seen) occurs 54 times, and the letter "Q" (Qaf) occurs 57 times.

A.L.M. (Alef Laam Mim)

The letters "A," "L," and "M" are the most frequently used letters in the Arabic language, and in the same order as we see in the Quranic Initials—"A," then "L," then "M." These letters prefix six suras—2, 3, 29, 30, 31, and 32—and the total occurrence of the three letters in each of the six suras is a multiple of 19 [9899 (19×521), 5662 (19×298), 1672 (19×88), 1254 (19×66), 817 (19×43), and 570 (19×30), respectively]. Thus, the total occurrence of the three letters in the six suras is 19874 (19×1046), and the alteration of one of these letters destroys this phenomenon.

Table 4: Occurrence of the Letters "A," "L," and "M" in the A.L.M.-Initialed Suras
Sura No. "A" "L" "M" Total
245024502 ÷ 19 → r1832023202 ÷ 19 → r1021952195 ÷ 19 → r1098999899 = 19 × 521 (19×521521 ÷ 19 → r8)
325212521 ÷ 19 → r1318921892 ÷ 19 → r1112491249 ÷ 19 → r1456625662 = 19 × 298 (19×298298 ÷ 19 → r13)
29774774 ÷ 19 → r14554554 ÷ 19 → r3344344 ÷ 19 → r216721672 = 19 × 88 (19×88)
30544544 ÷ 19 → r12393393 ÷ 19 → r13317317 ÷ 19 → r1312541254 = 19 × 66 (19×66)
31347347 ÷ 19 → r5297297 ÷ 19 → r12173173 ÷ 19 → r2817817 = 19 × 43 (19×43)
32257257 ÷ 19 → r10155155 ÷ 19 → r3158158 ÷ 19 → r6570570 = 19 × 30 (19×30)
Total89458945 ÷ 19 → r1564936493 ÷ 19 → r1444364436 ÷ 19 → r91987419874 = 19 × 1046 (19×10461046 ÷ 19 → r1)

A.L.R. (Alef Laam Ra)

These initials are found in Suras 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15. The total occurrences of these letters in these suras are 2489 (19×131), 2489 (19×131), 2375 (19×125), 1197 (19×63), and 912 (19×48), respectively (Table 5).

Table 5: Occurrence of the Letters "A," "L," and "R" in the A.L.R.-initialed Suras
Sura No. "A" "L" "R" Total
1013191319 ÷ 19 → r8913913 ÷ 19 → r1257257 ÷ 19 → r1024892489 = 19 × 131 (19×131131 ÷ 19 → r17)
1113701370 ÷ 19 → r2794794 ÷ 19 → r15325325 ÷ 19 → r224892489 = 19 × 131 (19×131131 ÷ 19 → r17)
1213061306 ÷ 19 → r14812812 ÷ 19 → r14257257 ÷ 19 → r1023752375 = 19 × 125 (19×125125 ÷ 19 → r11)
14585585 ÷ 19 → r15452452 ÷ 19 → r15160160 ÷ 19 → r811971197 = 19 × 63 (19×63)
15493493 ÷ 19 → r18323323 = 19 × 1796912912 = 19 × 48 (19×48)
Total50735073 = 19 × 26732943294 ÷ 19 → r710951095 ÷ 19 → r1294629462 = 19 × 498 (19×498498 ÷ 19 → r4)

A.L.M.R. (Alef Laam Mim Ra)

These initials prefix one sura, No. 13, and the total frequency of occurrence of the four letters is 1482, or 19×78. The letter "A" occurs 605 times, "L" occurs 480 times, "M" occurs 260 times, and "R" occurs 137 times.

A.L.M.S. (Alef Laam Mim Saad)

Only one sura is prefixed with these initials, Sura 7, and the letter "A" occurs in this sura 2529 times, "L" occurs 1530 times, "M" occurs 1164 times, and "S" (Saad) occurs 97 times. Thus, the total occurrence of the four letters in this sura is 2529 + 1530 + 1164 + 97 = 5320 = 19×280.

An important observation here is the interlocking relationship involving the letter "S" (Saad). This initial occurs also in Suras 19 and 38. While complementing its sister letters in Sura 7 to give a total that is divisible by 19, the frequency of this letter also complements its sister letters in Suras 19 and 38 to give a multiple of 19 (see Page 380).

Additionally, the Quranic Initial "S" (Saad) interacts with the Quranic Initials "K.H.Y.'A." (Kaaf Haa Ya 'Ayn) in Sura 19 to give another total that is also a multiple of 19 (see Page 383). This interlocking relationship—which is not unique to the initial "S" (Saad)—contributes to the intricacy of the Quran's numerical code.

K.H.Y.'A.S. (Kaaf Ha Ya 'Ayn Saad)

This is the longest set of initials, consisting of five letters, and it occurs in one sura, Sura 19. The letter "K" in Sura 19 occurs 137 times, "H" occurs 175 times, "Y" occurs 343 times, "'A" occurs 117 times, and "S" (Saad) occurs 26 times. Thus, the total occurrence of the five letters is 137 + 175 + 343 + 117 + 26 = 798 = 19×42.

H., T.H. (Ta Ha), T.S. (Ta Seen), & T.S.M. (Ta Seen Mim)

An intricate interlocking relationship links these overlapping Quranic Initials to produce a total that is also a multiple of 19. The initial "H." is found in Suras 19 and 20. The initials "T.H." prefix Sura 20. The initials "T.S." are found in Sura 27, while the initials "T.S.M." prefix its surrounding Suras 26 & 28.

It should be noted at this time that the longer, more complex, interlocking and overlapping initials are found in the suras where uncommonly powerful miracles are narrated. For example, the virgin birth of Jesus is given in Sura 19, which is prefixed with the longest set of initials, K.H.Y.'A.S.

The interlocking initials "H.," "T.H.," "T.S.," and "T.S.M." prefix suras describing the miracles of Moses, Jesus, and the uncommon occurrences surrounding Solomon and his jinns. God thus provides stronger evidence to support stronger miracles. The frequencies of occurrence of these initials are presented in Table 6.

Table 6: Occurrence of the Quranic Initials "H," "T.H.," "T.S.," and "T.S.M." in their Suras
Sura "H" "T" "S" "M"
19175175 ÷ 19 → r4
20251251 ÷ 19 → r428
263394484484 ÷ 19 → r9
272794
2819102102 ÷ 19 → r7460460 ÷ 19 → r4
Total426426 ÷ 19 → r8107107 ÷ 19 → r12290290 ÷ 19 → r5944944 ÷ 19 → r13
426426 ÷ 19 → r8 + 107107 ÷ 19 → r12 + 290290 ÷ 19 → r5 + 944944 ÷ 19 → r13 = 17671767 = 19 × 93 = (19×93)

What Is A "Gematrical Value"?

When the Quran was revealed, 14 centuries ago, the numbers known today did not exist. A universal system was used where the letters of the Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek alphabets were used as numerals. The numerical value assigned to each letter is its "Gematrical Value." The numerical values of the Arabic alphabet are shown in Table 7.

Table 7: Gematrical Values of the Arabic Alphabet (Abjad Order)
Letter Name Value
اAlef1
بBa2
جJim3
دDal4
هHa5
وWaw6
زZa7
حHa (ح)8
طTa (ط)9
يYa10
كKaf20
لLam30
مMim40
نNun50
سSin60
ع'Ayn70
فFa80
صSad90
قQaf100100 ÷ 19 → r5
رRa200200 ÷ 19 → r10
شShin300300 ÷ 19 → r15
تTa400400 ÷ 19 → r1
ثTha500500 ÷ 19 → r6
خKha600600 ÷ 19 → r11
ذDhal700700 ÷ 19 → r16
ضDad800800 ÷ 19 → r2
ظZha900900 ÷ 19 → r7
غGhayn10001000 ÷ 19 → r12

Other Mathematical Properties of the Initialed Suras

Fourteen Arabic letters, half the Arabic alphabet, participate in the formation of 14 different sets of Quranic Initials. By adding the gematrical value of each one of these letters, plus the number of suras which are prefixed with Quranic Initials (29), we obtain a total of 722, or 19×19×2.

Additionally, if we add the total gematrical value of all 14 initials, plus the number of the first sura where the initial occurs, we get a grand total of 988, 19×52. Table 8 presents these data.

If we add the number of occurrences of each of the 14 letters listed in Table 8 as an initial, plus the numbers of the suras where it occurs as an initial, the Grand Total comes to 2033, 19×107. See Table 9.

Table 8: The 14 Letters Used in Forming Quranic Initials
Letter Gematrical Value First Sura
A (Alef)12
L (Laam)302
M (Mim)402
S (Saad)907
R (Ra)200200 ÷ 19 → r1010
K (Kaf)2019
H (Ha)519
Y (Ya)1019
'A ('Ayn)7019
T (Ta)920
S (Seen)6026
H (Ha — ح)840
Q (Qaf)100100 ÷ 19 → r542
N (Noon)5068
Total693693 ÷ 19 → r9295295 ÷ 19 → r10
693693 ÷ 19 → r9 + 295295 ÷ 19 → r10 = 988988 = 19 × 52 = 19×52  |  also: 693693 ÷ 19 → r9 + 29 (suras) = 722722 = 19 × 38 = 19×19×2

Note: The total gematrical value of the Quranic Initials in a given sura equals the gematrical value of each initial multiplied by the frequency of occurrence of that initial in the sura.

Table 9: Mathematically Structured Distribution of the Quranic Initials
Initial No. of Occurrences Sura Where It Occurs Total
A (Alef)13[+2+3+7+10+11+12+13+14+15+29+30+31+32]222222 ÷ 19 → r13
L (Laam)13[+2+3+7+10+11+12+13+14+15+29+30+31+32]222222 ÷ 19 → r13
M (Mim)17[+2+3+7+13+26+28+29+30+31+32+40+41+42+43+44+45+46]519519 ÷ 19 → r6
S (Saad)3[+7+19+38]67
R (Ra)6[+10+11+12+13+14+15]81
K (Kaf)1[+19]20
H (Ha)2[+19+20]41
Y (Ya)2[+19+36]57
'A ('Ayn)2[+19+42]63
T (Ta)4[+20+26+27+28]105105 ÷ 19 → r10
S (Seen)5[+26+27+28+36+42]164164 ÷ 19 → r12
H (HHa — ح)7[+40+41+42+43+44+45+46]308308 ÷ 19 → r4
Q (Qaf)2[+42+50]94
N (Noon)2[+68]70
Total7919541954 ÷ 19 → r1620332033 = 19 × 107 (19×107107 ÷ 19 → r12)
Table 10: Total Gematrical Values of All Quranic Initials In Their Suras
Sura Initials Frequency of Initials Total Gematrical Value in Sura
2A.L.M.98999899 = 19 × 521188362188362 ÷ 19 → r15
3A.L.M.56625662 = 19 × 298109241109241 ÷ 19 → r10
7A.L.M.S.53205320 = 19 × 280103719103719 ÷ 19 → r17
10A.L.R.24892489 = 19 × 1318010980109 ÷ 19 → r5
11A.L.R.24892489 = 19 × 1319019090190 ÷ 19 → r16
12A.L.R.23752375 = 19 × 1257706677066 ÷ 19 → r2
13A.L.M.R.14821482 = 19 × 785280552805 ÷ 19 → r4
14A.L.R.11971197 = 19 × 634614546145 ÷ 19 → r13
15A.L.R.912912 = 19 × 482938329383 ÷ 19 → r9
19K.H.Y.'A.S.798798 = 19 × 421757517575 = 19 × 925
20T.H.279279 ÷ 19 → r1315071507 ÷ 19 → r6
26T.S.M.611611 ÷ 19 → r32529725297 ÷ 19 → r8
27T.S.121121 ÷ 19 → r758835883 ÷ 19 → r12
28T.S.M.581581 ÷ 19 → r112469124691 ÷ 19 → r10
29A.L.M.16721672 = 19 × 883115431154 ÷ 19 → r13
30A.L.M.12541254 = 19 × 662501425014 ÷ 19 → r10
31A.L.M.817817 = 19 × 431617716177 ÷ 19 → r8
32A.L.M.570570 = 19 × 301122711227 ÷ 19 → r17
36Y.S.285285 = 19 × 1552505250 ÷ 19 → r6
38S.2926102610 ÷ 19 → r7
40H.M.444444 ÷ 19 → r71571215712 ÷ 19 → r18
41H.M.324324 ÷ 19 → r11142411424 ÷ 19 → r5
42H.M. 'A.S.Q.562562 ÷ 19 → r112822428224 ÷ 19 → r9
43H.M.368368 ÷ 19 → r71331213312 ÷ 19 → r12
44H.M.166166 ÷ 19 → r1461286128 ÷ 19 → r10
45H.M.231231 ÷ 19 → r382488248 ÷ 19 → r2
46H.M.261261 ÷ 19 → r1492889288 ÷ 19 → r16
50Q.5757005700 = 19 × 300
68N,N133133 = 19 × 766506650 = 19 × 350
Total4138841388 ÷ 19 → r610480911048091 ÷ 19 → r13
4138841388 ÷ 19 → r6 + 10480911048091 ÷ 19 → r13 = 10894791089479 = 19 × 57341 (19×5734157341 ÷ 19 → r18)

Major Parameters of the Quranic Initials (Suras, Verses, Frequency, First Sura, & Last Sura)

Table 11 shows that the sum of numbers of suras and verses where the Quranic Initials are found, plus the initial's frequency of occurrence in that sura, plus the number of the first sura where the initials occur, plus the number of the last sura where the initials occur, produces a total that equals 44232, or 19×2348.

Thus, the distribution of the Quranic Initials in the initialed suras is so intricate that their counts and their placement within suras are intertwined to give a grand total that is a multiple of 19. It is noteworthy that the initial "N" must be counted as two N's. This reflects the fact that the original Quranic text spells out this initial with 2 N's.

Table 11: Parameters of the 14 Individual Quranic Initials
Initial Sura, Verse, & (Frequency) of Initial in Each Sura First Sura Last Sura
A (Alef)2:1 (45024502 ÷ 19 → r18), 3:1 (25212521 ÷ 19 → r13), 7:1 (25292529 ÷ 19 → r2), 10:1 (13191319 ÷ 19 → r8), 11:1 (13701370 ÷ 19 → r2), 12:1 (13061306 ÷ 19 → r14), 13:1 (605605 ÷ 19 → r16), 14:1 (585585 ÷ 19 → r15), 15:1 (493493 ÷ 19 → r18), 29:1 (774774 ÷ 19 → r14), 30:1 (544544 ÷ 19 → r12), 31:1 (347347 ÷ 19 → r5), 32:1 (257257 ÷ 19 → r10)232
L (Laam)2:1 (32023202 ÷ 19 → r10), 3:1 (18921892 ÷ 19 → r11), 7:1 (15301530 ÷ 19 → r10), 10:1 (913913 ÷ 19 → r1), 11:1 (794794 ÷ 19 → r15), 12:1 (812812 ÷ 19 → r14), 13:1 (480480 ÷ 19 → r5), 14:1 (452452 ÷ 19 → r15), 15:1 (323323 = 19 × 17), 29:1 (554554 ÷ 19 → r3), 30:1 (393393 ÷ 19 → r13), 31:1 (297297 ÷ 19 → r12), 32:1 (155155 ÷ 19 → r3)232
M (Mim)2:1 (21952195 ÷ 19 → r10), 3:1 (12491249 ÷ 19 → r14), 7:1 (11641164 ÷ 19 → r5), 13:1 (260260 ÷ 19 → r13), 26:1 (484484 ÷ 19 → r9), 28:1 (460460 ÷ 19 → r4), 29:1 (344344 ÷ 19 → r2), 30:1 (317317 ÷ 19 → r13), 31:1 (173173 ÷ 19 → r2), 32:1 (158158 ÷ 19 → r6), 40:1 (380380 = 19 × 20), 41:1 (276276 ÷ 19 → r10), 42:1 (300300 ÷ 19 → r15), 43:1 (324324 ÷ 19 → r1), 44:1 (150150 ÷ 19 → r17), 45:1 (200200 ÷ 19 → r10), 46:1 (225225 ÷ 19 → r16)246
S (Saad)7:1 (97), 19:1 (26), 38:1 (29)738
R (Ra)10:1 (257257 ÷ 19 → r10), 11:1 (325325 ÷ 19 → r2), 12:1 (257257 ÷ 19 → r10), 13:1 (137137 ÷ 19 → r4), 14:1 (160160 ÷ 19 → r8), 15:1 (96)1015
K (Kaf)19:1 (137137 ÷ 19 → r4)1919
H (Ha)19:1 (175175 ÷ 19 → r4), 20:1 (251251 ÷ 19 → r4)1920
Y (Ya)19:1 (343343 ÷ 19 → r1), 36:1 (237237 ÷ 19 → r9)1936
'A ('Ayn)19:1 (117117 ÷ 19 → r3), 42:2 (98)1942
T (Ta)20:1 (28), 26:1 (33), 27:1 (27), 28:1 (19)2028
S (Seen)26:1 (94), 27:1 (94), 28:1 (102102 ÷ 19 → r7), 36:1 (48), 42:2 (54)2642
H (HHa — ح)40:1 (64), 41:1 (48), 42:1 (53), 43:1 (44), 44:1 (16), 45:1 (31), 46:1 (36)4046
Q (Qaf)42:2 (57), 50:1 (57)4250
N (Nun)68:1 (133133 = 19 × 7)6868
Grand Total4342343423 ÷ 19 → r8295295 ÷ 19 → r10514514 ÷ 19 → r1
Grand Total = 4342343423 ÷ 19 → r8 + 295295 ÷ 19 → r10 + 514514 ÷ 19 → r1 = 4423244232 = 19 × 2328 = 19×23282328 ÷ 19 → r10

A special mathematical coding authenticates the number of verses where the Quranic Initials themselves are found. As detailed in Table 11, all Quranic Initials occur in Verse 1, except in Sura 42 (initials in Verses 1 and 2). This fact is supported by the remarkable mathematical phenomenon detailed in Table 12. If we multiply the first two columns of Table 12, instead of adding, we still end up with a Total that is divisible by 19 (see Table 13).

Table 12: Mathematical Coding of the Number of Verses With Initials
Sura No. No. of Initials Initialed Verses
231
331
741
1031
1131
1231
1341
1431
1531
1951
2021
2631
2721
2831
2931
3031
3131
3231
3621
3811
4021
4121
4252
4321
4421
4521
4621
5011
6821
822822 ÷ 19 → r5 79 30
822822 ÷ 19 → r5 + 79 + 30 = 931931 = 19 × 49 = 19×49
Table 13: Multiplying the First Two Columns of Table 12, Instead of Adding
Sura No. No. of Initials No. of Init'd Verses
2 ×31
3 ×31
7 ×41
… (all other suras with 1 initialed verse) …
42 ×52
50 ×11
68 ×21
20222022 ÷ 19 → r8 30
20222022 ÷ 19 → r8 + 30 = 20522052 = 19 × 108 = 19×108108 ÷ 19 → r13

Obviously, it is crucial to have two different initialed verses in Sura 42 in order to conform with the Quran's mathematical code. The fact that Verse 1 of Sura 42 consists of the two Quranic Initials "H.M." and the second verse consists of the three Initials "'A.S.Q." has perplexed Muslim scholars and orientalists for 14 centuries.

By the end of this Appendix, the reader will see that every element of the Quran is mathematically authenticated. Tables 11 through 13 have dealt with two elements: the number of Quranic Initials in each initialed sura and the number of verses that contain Quranic Initials.

Additional mathematical authentication is shown in Tables 14 and 15. In Table 14, the numbers of all initialed suras are added to the number of verses in each sura, plus the number of verses containing initials, plus the gematrical values of those initials. The Grand Total is 7030, or 19×370.

Table 14: Mathematical Properties of the Initialed Suras
Sura No. No. of Verses Initialed Verses Gematrical Value Total
2286286 ÷ 19 → r1171360360 ÷ 19 → r18
3200200 ÷ 19 → r10171275275 ÷ 19 → r9
7206206 ÷ 19 → r161161161 ÷ 19 → r9375375 ÷ 19 → r14
10109109 ÷ 19 → r141231231 ÷ 19 → r3351351 ÷ 19 → r9
11123123 ÷ 19 → r91231231 ÷ 19 → r3366366 ÷ 19 → r5
12111111 ÷ 19 → r161231231 ÷ 19 → r3355355 ÷ 19 → r13
13431271271 ÷ 19 → r5328328 ÷ 19 → r5
14521231231 ÷ 19 → r3298298 ÷ 19 → r13
15991231231 ÷ 19 → r3346346 ÷ 19 → r4
19981195195 ÷ 19 → r5313313 ÷ 19 → r9
20135135 ÷ 19 → r2114170170 ÷ 19 → r18
26227227 ÷ 19 → r181109109 ÷ 19 → r14363363 ÷ 19 → r2
2793169190190 = 19 × 10
28881109109 ÷ 19 → r14226226 ÷ 19 → r17
2969171170170 ÷ 19 → r18
3060171162162 ÷ 19 → r10
3134171137137 ÷ 19 → r4
3230171134134 ÷ 19 → r1
3683170190190 = 19 × 10
3888190217217 ÷ 19 → r8
4085148174174 ÷ 19 → r3
4154148144144 ÷ 19 → r11
42532278278 ÷ 19 → r12375375 ÷ 19 → r14
4389148181181 ÷ 19 → r10
4459148152152 = 19 × 8
4537148131131 ÷ 19 → r17
4635148130130 ÷ 19 → r16
50451100100 ÷ 19 → r5196196 ÷ 19 → r6
6852150 + 50221221 ÷ 19 → r12
822822 ÷ 19 → r5 27432743 ÷ 19 → r7 30 34353435 ÷ 19 → r15 70307030 = 19 × 370
822822 ÷ 19 → r5 + 27432743 ÷ 19 → r7 + 30 + 34353435 ÷ 19 → r15 = 70307030 = 19 × 370 = 19×370370 ÷ 19 → r9

Remarkably, if we multiply the first two columns of Table 14, instead of adding them, we still get a Grand Total that is divisible by 19 (Table 15).

Table 15: Multiplying the First Two Columns of Table 14, Instead of Adding
Sura No. No. of Verses Initialed Verses Gematrical Value Total
2 ×286286 ÷ 19 → r1+ 1+ 71644644 ÷ 19 → r17
3 ×200200 ÷ 19 → r10+ 1+ 71672672 ÷ 19 → r7
7 ×206206 ÷ 19 → r16+ 1+ 161161 ÷ 19 → r916041604 ÷ 19 → r8
… (all other suras) …
50 ×45+ 1+ 100100 ÷ 19 → r523512351 ÷ 19 → r14
68 ×52+ 1+ (50+50)36373637 ÷ 19 → r8
6007160071 ÷ 19 → r12 + 30 + 34353435 ÷ 19 → r15 = 6353663536 = 19 × 3344
6353663536 = 19 × 3344 = 19×33443344 = 19 × 176

The number of verses per sura, and the numbers assigned to each verse, are among the basic elements of the Quran. Not only are these elements authenticated mathematically, but both initialed and un-initialed suras are independently coded. Table 16 presents the numbers assigned to the initialed suras, added to the numbers of verses in each sura, plus the sum of verse numbers (1 + 2 + 3 + … + n). The Grand Total is 190133, or 19×10007.

Table 16: Mathematical Structuring of the Verses of Initialed Suras
Sura No. No. of Verses Sum of Verse #s Total
2286286 ÷ 19 → r14104141041 ÷ 19 → r14132941329 ÷ 19 → r4
3200200 ÷ 19 → r102010020100 ÷ 19 → r172030320303 ÷ 19 → r11
7206206 ÷ 19 → r162132121321 ÷ 19 → r32153421534 ÷ 19 → r7
10109109 ÷ 19 → r1459955995 ÷ 19 → r1061146114 ÷ 19 → r15
11123123 ÷ 19 → r976267626 ÷ 19 → r777607760 ÷ 19 → r8
12111111 ÷ 19 → r1662166216 ÷ 19 → r363396339 ÷ 19 → r12
1343946946 ÷ 19 → r1510021002 ÷ 19 → r14
145213781378 ÷ 19 → r1014441444 = 19 × 76
159949504950 ÷ 19 → r1050645064 ÷ 19 → r10
199848514851 ÷ 19 → r649684968 ÷ 19 → r9
20135135 ÷ 19 → r291809180 ÷ 19 → r393359335 ÷ 19 → r6
26227227 ÷ 19 → r182587825878 = 19 × 13622613126131 ÷ 19 → r6
279343714371 ÷ 19 → r144914491 ÷ 19 → r7
288839163916 ÷ 19 → r240324032 ÷ 19 → r4
296924152415 ÷ 19 → r225132513 ÷ 19 → r5
306018301830 ÷ 19 → r619201920 ÷ 19 → r1
3134595595 ÷ 19 → r6660660 ÷ 19 → r14
3230465465 ÷ 19 → r9527527 ÷ 19 → r14
368334863486 ÷ 19 → r936053605 ÷ 19 → r14
388839163916 ÷ 19 → r240424042 ÷ 19 → r14
408536553655 ÷ 19 → r737803780 ÷ 19 → r18
415414851485 ÷ 19 → r315801580 ÷ 19 → r3
425314311431 ÷ 19 → r615261526 ÷ 19 → r6
438940054005 ÷ 19 → r1541374137 ÷ 19 → r14
445917701770 ÷ 19 → r318731873 ÷ 19 → r11
4537703703 = 19 × 37785785 ÷ 19 → r6
4635630630 ÷ 19 → r3711711 ÷ 19 → r8
504510351035 ÷ 19 → r911301130 ÷ 19 → r9
685213781378 ÷ 19 → r1014981498 ÷ 19 → r16
822822 ÷ 19 → r5 27432743 ÷ 19 → r7 186568186568 ÷ 19 → r7 190133190133 = 19 × 10007
822822 ÷ 19 → r5 + 27432743 ÷ 19 → r7 + 186568186568 ÷ 19 → r7 = 190133190133 = 19 × 10007 = 19×1000710007 ÷ 19 → r13

By adding the number of every sura to the number of the next sura, and accumulating the sums as we continue to the end of the Quran, we get a value that corresponds to each sura. Thus Sura 1 has a value of 1, Sura 2 has 1 + 2 = 3, Sura 3 has 3 + 3 = 6, and so on (the triangular number formula n(n+1)/2). Table 17 shows these calculated values for all 29 initialed suras. Their total is 15675, or 19×825.

Table 17: Values Obtained by Successive Addition of Sura Numbers (Initialed Suras)
Sura Number Calculated Value
23
36
728
1055
1166
1278
1391
14105105 ÷ 19 → r10
15120120 ÷ 19 → r6
19190190 = 19 × 10
20210210 ÷ 19 → r1
26351351 ÷ 19 → r9
27378378 ÷ 19 → r17
28406406 ÷ 19 → r7
29435435 ÷ 19 → r17
30465465 ÷ 19 → r9
31496496 ÷ 19 → r2
32528528 ÷ 19 → r15
36666666 ÷ 19 → r1
38741741 = 19 × 39
40820820 ÷ 19 → r3
41861861 ÷ 19 → r6
42903903 ÷ 19 → r10
43946946 ÷ 19 → r15
44990990 ÷ 19 → r2
4510351035 ÷ 19 → r9
4610811081 ÷ 19 → r17
5012751275 ÷ 19 → r2
6823462346 ÷ 19 → r9
Total = 1567515675 = 19 × 825 = 19×825825 ÷ 19 → r8

The values calculated for the un-initialed suras add up to a total of 237785, which is also a multiple of 19 (237785 = 19×12515). Thus, both the initialed and un-initialed sections of the Quran are independently verified by this mathematical system.

Mathematical Coding of Special Words

The Word "God" (Allah)

**[1]** The word "God" occurs in the Quran **2698 times**, or **19×142**.

**[2]** The numbers of the verses where the word "God" occurs add up to **118123**, also a multiple of 19 (118123 = 19×6217).

These simple phenomena gave us many difficulties while simply counting the word "God." We were a group of workers, equipped with computers, and all of us college graduates. Yet, we made several errors in counting, calculating, or simply writing the counts of the word "God." Those who still claim that Muhammad was the author of the Quran are totally illogical; he never went to college, and he did not have a computer.

**[3]** From the first Quranic Initials (A.L.M. 2:1) to the last initial (N. 68:1), there are **2641 occurrences** of the word "God" — and 2641 = **19×139**.

**[4]** The word "God" occurs **57 times** (19×3) in the section outside the initialed span (Table 18).

**[5]** By adding the numbers of the suras and verses where these 57 occurrences of the word "God" are found, we get a total of **2432 = 19×128** (see Table 18).

Table 18: Occurrence of the Word "God" Outside the Initialed Section (Suras 1 and 69–114114 = 19 × 6)
Sura No. Verse Numbers Times
11, 22
69331
7031
713, 4, 13, 15, 17, 19, 257
724, 5, 7, 12, 18, 19, 22, 2310
73207
7431, 563
766, 9, 11, 305
79251
81291
82191
84231
858, 9, 203
8771
88241
91132
9581
96141
982, 5, 83
104104 ÷ 19 → r961
110110 ÷ 19 → r151, 22
112112 ÷ 19 → r171, 22
17981798 ÷ 19 → r12 634634 ÷ 19 → r7 57 (19×3)
Sum of sura numbers (17981798 ÷ 19 → r12) + sum of verse numbers (634634 ÷ 19 → r7) = 24322432 = 19 × 128 = 19×128128 ÷ 19 → r14

**[6]** The word "God" occurs in 85 suras. If we add the number of each sura to the number of verses between the first and last occurrences of the word "God" (both inclusive), the Grand Total comes to **8170 = 19×430** (Table 19).

Table 19: All Suras in Which the Word "God" (Allah) Is Mentioned (abbreviated)
# Sura No. First Verse Last Verse Verses 1st–Last
11122
227286286 ÷ 19 → r1280280 ÷ 19 → r14
332200200 ÷ 19 → r10199199 ÷ 19 → r9
… (all 85 suras where "God" occurs) …
84110110 ÷ 19 → r15122
85112112 ÷ 19 → r17122
39103910 ÷ 19 → r15 42604260 ÷ 19 → r4
39103910 ÷ 19 → r15 (sum of sura numbers) + 42604260 ÷ 19 → r4 (sum of verse spans) = 81708170 = 19 × 430 = 19×430430 ÷ 19 → r12

**[7]** The Quran's dominant message is that there is only "One God." The word "One" in Arabic ("Wahed") occurs in the Quran 25 times. Six of these occurrences refer to things other than God (one kind of food, one door, etc.). The other **19 occurrences refer to God**. The crucial importance of this word is manifested in the fact that the Quran's common denominator, 19, happens to be the gematrical value of the word "ONE."

WHY 19!

As pointed out later in this Appendix, all God's scriptures — not only the Quran — were mathematically coded with the number 19. Even the universe at large bears this divine mark. The number 19 can be looked upon as the Almighty Creator's signature on everything He created (see Appendix 38). The number "19" possesses unique mathematical properties:

**[1]** It is a prime number.

**[2]** It encompasses the first numeral (1) and the last numeral (9), as if to proclaim God's attribute in 57:3 as the "Alpha and the Omega."

**[3]** It looks the same in all languages of the world. Both components, 1 and 9, are the only numerals that look the same in all languages.

**[4]** It possesses many peculiar mathematical properties. For example, 19 is the sum of the first powers of 9 and 10, and the difference between the second powers of 9 and 10.

The Lord our God is ONE!

Therefore, you shall worship the Lord your God

with all your heart, with all your soul,

with all your mind, and with all your strength.

[Deuteronomy 6:4-5] [Mark 12:29] [Quran 2:163, 17:22-23]

We now understand that the universal coding of God's creations with the number 19 rests in the fact that it is the gematrical value of the word "ONE" in all the scriptural languages — Aramaic, Hebrew, and Arabic. The number 19, therefore, proclaims the First Commandment in all the scriptures: that there is only ONE God.

Table 20: Why "19!" — The Word "ONE" in Hebrew and Arabic
Hebrew Letter Arabic Letter Value
V (Vav)W (Waw)6
A (Alef)A (Alef)1
H (He)H (Ha)8
D (Dalet)D (Dal)4
VAHD (Hebrew "ONE") / WAHD (Arabic "ONE") = 19

As shown in Table 7, the Aramaic, Hebrew, and Arabic alphabets used to double as numerals in accordance with a universally established system. The Hebrew word for "ONE" is "VAHD" (pronounced V-AHAD). In Arabic, the word for "ONE" is "WAHD" (pronounced WAAHED). In both languages, the gematrical value of "ONE" equals 19 — thus the number 19 literally encodes the First Commandment.

The Word "Quran"

The word "Quran" occurs in the Quran 58 times, with one of them — in 10:15 — referring to "another Quran." This particular occurrence must therefore be excluded. Thus, the frequency of occurrence of "this Quran" is **57, or 19×3**.

Two other grammatical forms of the word "Quran" occur in 12 additional verses. One occurrence in 13:31 refers to "another Quran," and another in 41:44 refers to "a non-Arabic Quran." These two are excluded. Table 21 lists all suras and verses where the word "Quran," in all its grammatical forms, validly occurs.

Table 21: Suras and Verses Where "Quran" Occurs (all grammatical forms, excluding 10:15, 13:31, 41:44)
Sura Verse Sura Verse
2185185 ÷ 19 → r143058
4823431
5101101 ÷ 19 → r6362
619669
7204204 ÷ 19 → r14381
9111111 ÷ 19 → r163927
10373928
1061413
1224126
123427
151433
15874331
15914629
16984724
179501
17415045
17455417
17465422
17605432
17785440
1782552
17885677
17895921
17106106 ÷ 19 → r11721
1854734
2027320
20113113 ÷ 19 → r187517
20114114 = 19 × 67518
25307623
25328421
2718521
276
2776
2792
2885
13561356 ÷ 19 → r7 30523052 ÷ 19 → r12
Sum of sura numbers (13561356 ÷ 19 → r7) + sum of verse numbers (30523052 ÷ 19 → r12) = 44084408 = 19 × 232 = 19×232232 ÷ 19 → r4

A Strong Foundation

The Quran's first verse — "In the Name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful" — known as the Basmalah, consists of **19 Arabic letters**. Its four constituent words occur in the Quran consistently in multiples of 19:

The first word — "Ism" (Name) — occurs 19 times.

The second word — "Allah" (God) — occurs 26982698 = 19 × 142 times (19×142142 ÷ 19 → r9).

The third word — "Al-Rahman" (Most Gracious) — occurs 57 times (19×3).

The fourth word — "Al-Raheem" (Most Merciful) — occurs 114114 = 19 × 6 times (19×6).

Professor Cesar Majul examined the gematrical values of more than 400 attributes of God, and found only four divine names whose gematrical values are multiples of 19:

1. "Waahed" (One) ——————————————————— gematrical value: 19

2. "Zul Fadl Al-'Azim" (Possessor of Infinite Grace) ——— 26982698 = 19 × 142

3. "Majid" (Glorious) ——————————————————— 57

4. "Jaami'" (Summoner / Gatherer) ————————————— 114114 = 19 × 6

The only Divine Names whose gematrical values are divisible by 19 correspond exactly to the frequencies of occurrence of the Basmalah's four words. The figure below illustrates this remarkable phenomenon:

Name
19
One
God
26982698 = 19 × 142
Possessor of Infinite Grace
Most Gracious
57
Glorious
Most Merciful
114114 = 19 × 6
Gatherer

The four words of Basmalah (left) — their frequencies of occurrence (center) — the only four divine names whose gematrical values are divisible by 19 (right)

The Five Pillars of Islam

Although the Quran provides numerous important commandments governing all aspects of our lives (see for example 17:22-38), five basic "pillars" have been traditionally emphasized:

  1. **Shahaadah**: Bearing witness that there is no other god besides God.
  2. **Salat**: Observing five daily Contact Prayers.
  3. **Seyaam**: Fasting during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar (Ramadan).
  4. **Zakat**: Giving away 2.5% of one's net income as charity to specified people.
  5. **Hajj**: Pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime for those who can afford it.

Like everything else in the Quran, these are mathematically structured.

1. One God (Shahaadah)

As mentioned earlier, the word "ONE" that refers to God occurs in the Quran **19 times**. The reference to God "ALONE" occurs **5 times**, and the sum of the sura and verse numbers where we find these five occurrences is **361 = 19×19**.

The "First Pillar of Islam" is stated in 3:18 as **"LAA ELAAHA ELLA HOO"** (There is no other god besides Him). This most important expression occurs in **19 suras**. The first occurrence is in 2:163, and the last occurrence is in 73:9. Table 22 shows that the total of sura numbers, plus the number of verses between the first and last occurrences, plus the sum of these verse numbers is **316502 = 19×16658**.

Table 22: All Suras and Verses from the First to the Last Occurrence of "LAA ELAAHA ELLA HOO" (Suras 2–73, abbreviated)
Sura No. No. of Verses Sum of Verse #s Total
2123123 ÷ 19 → r92767527675 ÷ 19 → r112780027800 ÷ 19 → r3
3200200 ÷ 19 → r102010020100 ÷ 19 → r172030320303 ÷ 19 → r11
… (all suras 4–8) …
9127127 ÷ 19 → r1381288128 ÷ 19 → r1582648264 ÷ 19 → r18
… (suras 10–71) …
7228406406 ÷ 19 → r7506506 ÷ 19 → r12
73945127127 ÷ 19 → r13
27002700 ÷ 19 → r2 53125312 ÷ 19 → r11 308490308490 ÷ 19 → r6 316502316502 = 19 × 16658
27002700 ÷ 19 → r2 + 53125312 ÷ 19 → r11 + 308490308490 ÷ 19 → r6 = 316502316502 = 19 × 16658 = 19×1665816658 ÷ 19 → r14

Also, by adding the numbers of the 19 suras where "LAA ELAAHA ELLA HOO" occurs, plus the verse numbers where this expression is found, plus the total number of occurrences (29), the Grand Total comes to **2128 = 19×112** (Table 23).

Table 23: All 19 Occurrences of "LAA ELAAHA ELLA HOO" (There is no other god besides Him)
# Sura Verses with Shahadah Frequency
12163163 ÷ 19 → r11, 255255 ÷ 19 → r82
232, 6, 18 (twice)4
34871
46102102 ÷ 19 → r7, 106106 ÷ 19 → r112
57158158 ÷ 19 → r61
69311
711141
813301
9208, 982
1023116116 ÷ 19 → r21
1127261
122870, 882
133531
143961
15403, 62, 653
164481
175922, 232
1864131
197391
507507 ÷ 19 → r13 15921592 ÷ 19 → r15 29
507507 ÷ 19 → r13 + 15921592 ÷ 19 → r15 + 29 = 21282128 = 19 × 112 = 19×112112 ÷ 19 → r17

2. The Contact Prayers (Salat)

The word "Salat" occurs in the Quran **67 times**. When we add the numbers of the suras and verses of these 67 occurrences, the total comes to **4674 = 19×246**.

3. Fasting (Seyaam)

The commandment to fast is mentioned in the following verses: 2:183, 184, 185, 187, 196; 4:92; 5:89, 95; 33:35, 35; and 58:4. The total of these numbers is **1387 = 19×73**. It is noteworthy that 33:35 mentions fasting twice — once for the believing men, and once for the believing women — hence it appears twice in the sum.

4 & 5. The Obligatory Charity (Zakat) and Hajj Pilgrimage

While the first three pillars are obligatory upon all believers, the Zakat and Hajj are decreed only for those who can afford them. This explains an interesting mathematical phenomenon: neither Zakat alone nor Hajj alone produces a multiple of 19, but together they do.

The Zakat charity is mentioned in: 2:43, 83, 110, 177, 277; 4:77, 162; 5:12, 55; 7:156; 9:5, 11, 18, 71; 18:81; 19:13, 31, 55; 21:73; 22:41, 78; 23:4; 24:37, 56; 27:3; 30:39; 31:4; 33:33; 41:7; 58:13; 73:20; and 98:5. These numbers add up to **2395** — not a multiple of 19 (off by +1).

The Hajj Pilgrimage occurs in: 2:189, 196, 197; 9:3; and 22:27. These numbers add up to **645** — not a multiple of 19 (off by −1).

Together, however:

Zakat (23952395 ÷ 19 → r1) + Hajj (645645 ÷ 19 → r18) = 30403040 = 19 × 160 = 19×160160 ÷ 19 → r8

Only those who can afford both are required to perform both — and only together do they complete the 19-based code.

The Quran's Mathematical Structure

The Quran's suras, verses, words, and letters are not only mathematically composed, but also arranged into a superhuman structure that is **purely mathematical** — the literary content has nothing to do with such an arrangement.

Since the physical construction of the Quran is purely mathematical, it would be expected that the numbers mentioned in the Quran must conform with the 19-based code.

The Numbers Mentioned in the Quran

A total of **30 unique numbers** are mentioned throughout the Quran, and the sum of all these numbers is **162146 = 19×8534**. Table 24 lists every distinct number mentioned in the Quran.

The numbers mentioned only once in the Quran are: 11, 19, 20, 50, 60, 80, 99, 300, 2000, 3000, 5000, 50000, and 100000.

All the numbers mentioned in the Quran — including repetitions — occur **285 times**, and 285 = **19×15**.

Table 24: All 30 Numbers Mentioned in the Quran
Number Example Location Number Example Location
12:163407:142
24:115029:14
34:1716058:4
49:2709:80
518:228024:4
625:599938:23
741:12100100 ÷ 19 → r52:259
869:17200200 ÷ 19 → r108:65
927:48300300 ÷ 19 → r1518:25
102:19610001000 ÷ 19 → r122:96
1112:420002000 ÷ 19 → r58:66
129:3630003000 ÷ 19 → r173:124
1974:3050005000 ÷ 19 → r33:125
208:655000050000 ÷ 19 → r1170:4
307:142100000100000 ÷ 19 → r337:147
Sum of all 30 numbers = 162146162146 = 19 × 8534 = 19×85348534 ÷ 19 → r3

The Numbers of Suras and Verses

The numbering system of the Quran's suras and verses has been perfectly preserved. Only a few unauthorized and easily detectable printings deviate from the standard system that is divinely guarded.

When we add the numbers of all suras, plus the number of verses in every sura, plus the sum of verse numbers, the Grand Total for the whole Quran comes to **346199 = 19×19×959**. Table 25 is an abbreviated presentation of these data. Thus, the slightest alteration of a single sura or verse would have destroyed this system. As shown in Table 16, if we consider only the 29 initialed suras, these same data produce a Grand Total which is also a multiple of 19 — it follows that the data for the un-initialed suras are also independently divisible by 19.

Table 25: Mathematical Coding of All Sura and Verse Numbers (all 114114 = 19 × 6 suras, abbreviated)
Sura No. No. of Verses Sum of Verse #s Total
172836
2286286 ÷ 19 → r14104141041 ÷ 19 → r14132941329 ÷ 19 → r4
… (suras 3–8) …
9127127 ÷ 19 → r1381288128 ÷ 19 → r1582648264 ÷ 19 → r18
… (suras 10–112112 ÷ 19 → r17) …
113113 ÷ 19 → r18515133133 = 19 × 7
114114 = 19 × 6621141141 ÷ 19 → r8
65556555 = 19 × 345 62346234 ÷ 19 → r2 333410333410 ÷ 19 → r17 346199346199 = 19 × 18221
65556555 = 19 × 345 + 62346234 ÷ 19 → r2 + 333410333410 ÷ 19 → r17 = 346199346199 = 19 × 18221 = 19×19×959959 ÷ 19 → r9

Table 26 presents the same data for the 85 un-initialed suras independently.

Table 26: Mathematical Coding of the 85 Un-initialed Suras (abbreviated)
Sura No. No. of Verses Sum of Verse #s Total
172836
4176176 ÷ 19 → r51557615576 ÷ 19 → r151575615756 ÷ 19 → r5
… (un-initialed suras) …
9127127 ÷ 19 → r1381288128 ÷ 19 → r1582648264 ÷ 19 → r18
… (remaining un-initialed suras) …
113113 ÷ 19 → r18515133133 = 19 × 7
114114 = 19 × 6621141141 ÷ 19 → r8
57335733 ÷ 19 → r14 34913491 ÷ 19 → r14 146842146842 ÷ 19 → r10 156066156066 = 19 × 8214
57335733 ÷ 19 → r14 + 34913491 ÷ 19 → r14 + 146842146842 ÷ 19 → r10 = 156066156066 = 19 × 8214 = 19×82148214 ÷ 19 → r6

Three More Layers of Mathematical Structure

Now let us look at another set of miracles involving the sura and verse numbers. These involve writing out the numbers as digit strings, then adding them.

**Table 27 — Concatenated strings:** Write down the sura number, followed by the number of verses in that sura, then the number of every verse, and finally the sum of verse numbers. For Sura 1 this produces: `1 7 1234567 28`. For Sura 2 it produces: `2 286 123456286 41041`. Do the same for all 114 suras and add them together. The resulting total consists of **759 digits** and is a **multiple of 19**.

Table 27: Sura No., Total Verses, All Verse Numbers & Sum of Verse Numbers (concatenated)
Sura Concatenated Number (Sura # · Verse Count · All Verse #s · Sum)
11 7 12345671234567 ÷ 19 → r4 28
22 286286 ÷ 19 → r1 1234512345 ÷ 19 → r14286286 ÷ 19 → r1 4104141041 ÷ 19 → r1
… (suras 3–113113 ÷ 19 → r18) …
114114 = 19 × 6114114 = 19 × 6 6 123456123456 ÷ 19 → r13 21
Total = 759759 ÷ 19 → r18-digit number that is a multiple of 19

**Table 28 — Left-justified verse totals:** Write down the total number of verses in each sura, followed by the sum of verse numbers, left-justified. For Sura 1: `7 28`, for Sura 2: `286 41041`, for Sura 3: `200 20100`, and so on to Sura 114: `6 21`. Add all these left-justified numbers together in the usual manner (right to left). The total is **4,859,309,774 = 19×255,753,146**.

Table 28: Number of Verses & Sum of Verse Numbers for Every Sura (left-justified)
Sura Total Verses & Sum of Verses (left-justified)
1728728 ÷ 19 → r6
22864104128641041 ÷ 19 → r4
32002010020020100 ÷ 19 → r9
… (suras 4–113113 ÷ 19 → r18) …
114114 = 19 × 6621621 ÷ 19 → r13
Total = 4,859859 ÷ 19 → r4,309309 ÷ 19 → r5,774774 ÷ 19 → r14 = 19×255255 ÷ 19 → r8,753753 ÷ 19 → r12,146146 ÷ 19 → r13

**Table 29 — Left-justified verse-by-verse:** Do the same as Table 28, but instead of writing the total number of verses, write down the number of every verse. For Sura 1 this produces `1234567 28`. For Sura 114 it produces `123456 21`. The total of all these left-justified numbers consists of **757 digits** and is still a **multiple of 19**.

Table 29: All Verse Numbers & Sum of Verse Numbers for Every Sura (left-justified)
Sura Verse Numbers & Sum of Verses (left-justified)
1123456728123456728 ÷ 19 → r10
21234512345 ÷ 19 → r142864104128641041 ÷ 19 → r4
… (suras 3–113113 ÷ 19 → r18) …
114114 = 19 × 61234562112345621 ÷ 19 → r10
Total = 757757 ÷ 19 → r16-digit number that is a multiple of 19

Superhuman Numerical Combinations

Write down the number of each verse in the Quran, preceded for each sura by the number of verses in that sura. Thus, Sura 1, which consists of seven verses, will be represented by the number **7 1234567**. Sura 2, with 286 verses, will look like: **286 12345284285286**. Putting all suras together produces one very long number encompassing every verse in the Quran.

Click Generate to build the actual number in your browser and see every digit. Click Verify to send the number directly to the Masjid Tucson divisibility checker — it opens pre-filled and ready to divide by 19.

FIRST

Write down the number of each verse in the Quran, preceded for each sura by the number of verses in that sura. Thus, Sura 1, which consists of seven verses, will be represented by the number 7 1234567. Sura 2 will look like: 286 12345…284285286. This process is continued until every verse in the Quran is written down, forming one very long number encompassing the number of every verse in the Quran.

7 1234567 286 12345…286 … 5 12345 6 123456

This very long number consists of 12692 digits (19×668) and includes every verse in the Quran. The number of verses in each sura precedes its verses. A special computer program that divides very long numbers has shown that this long number is a multiple of 19.

SECOND

Instead of putting the total number of verses in every sura ahead of the sura, let us put it at the end of every sura. Thus, Sura 1 becomes 1234567 7 instead of 7 1234567. Sura 2 becomes 12345…285286 286. Since we are putting the total number of verses per sura at the end, we must put the total number of numbered verses (6234) at the end of the Quran.

1234567 7 12345…286 286 12345 5…123456 6 6234

The number of every verse in every sura is followed by the number of verses per sura. The last 11 digits shown here are the 6 verses of the last sura, followed by its number of verses (6), followed by the total number of numbered verses in the Quran (6234). The complete, very long number, is a multiple of 19.

THIRD

Now let us include the number of every sura. Write down the number of every verse in every sura, followed by the number of the sura, followed by the number of verses in the sura. Thus, Sura 1 looks like this: 1234567 1 7. Sura 2 looks like: 12345…285286 2 286. Sura 114 looks like: 123456 114 6. The total number of numbered verses (6234) is added at the end.

1234567 1 7 12345…286 2 286 … 123456 114 6 6234

The number of every verse, followed by the sura number, then the number of verses in the sura. The total number of numbered verses is added at the end. The long number (12930 digits) is a multiple of 19.

FOURTH

Instead of putting the total number of verses in every sura after the sura, let us now put it ahead of the sura. Thus, Sura 1 looks like this: 7 1234567 1, instead of 1234567 1 7. Sura 2 looks like: 286 12345…285286 2, instead of 12345…285286 2 286.

7 1234567 1 286 12345…286 2 … 6 123456 114 6234

The total number of verses in each sura is followed by the number of every verse, then the sura number. The last 14 digits shown above are the number of verses in the last sura (6), followed by the numbers of the six verses (123456), followed by the number of the sura (114), then the total number of numbered verses in the Quran. The very long number (consisting of 12930 digits) is a multiple of 19.

FIFTH

Now, let us write down the number of every verse in every sura, followed by the sum of verse numbers for every sura. Sura 1 consists of 7 verses, and the sum of verse numbers is 1+2+3+4+5+6+7 = 28. Thus, the number representing Sura 1 looks like this: 1234567 28. The sum of verse numbers for Sura 2 is 41041 (1+2+3+…+286). The last sura, with 6 verses, gives 123456 21, since 1+2+3+4+5+6 = 21.

1234567 28 12345…284285286 41041 … 123456 21

The number of every verse in every sura is followed by the sum of verse numbers. The long number consists of 12836 digits, and is a multiple of 19.

SIXTH

Remarkably, if we take the Fifth No. shown above and reverse the order of verse numbers and sum of verse numbers, i.e., move the sum of verse numbers and put it ahead of the sura, the resulting long number is still a multiple of 19.

28 1234567 41041 12345…285286 … 21 123456

Placing the sum of verse numbers ahead of each sura, instead of after it, produces a long number (12836 digits) that is also a multiple of 19.

SEVENTH

Even writing the suras backward, i.e., reversing the order of suras by starting with the last sura and ending with the first sura, and placing the sum of verse numbers after the verses of each sura, the product is still a multiple of 19.

123456 21 12345 15…12345…286 41041 1234567 28

Reversing the order of suras—starting from the last sura and ending with the first sura—and writing down the number of every verse, with the sum of verse numbers for every sura after its verses, the product is a long number consisting of 12836 digits. This long number is a multiple of 19.

EIGHTH

Write the sum of verse numbers for the whole Quran (333410), followed by the total number of numbered verses in the Quran (6234), then the number of suras (114). Every sura is then represented by its number followed by its number of verses. The numbers representing Suras 1 and 2 are 1 7 and 2 286. The complete number, covering all suras of the Quran, consists of 474 digits, and is a multiple of 19.

333410 6234 114 1 7 2 286 3 200 … 113 5 114 6

The Grand Sum of verse numbers (333410) is followed by the total number of numbered verses (6234), the number of suras (114), then the sura numbers and numbers of verses of every sura.

NINTH

Now let us reverse the order of sura number and its number of verses as presented in the Eighth No. Thus, the numbers representing the first two suras look like this: 7 1 & 286 2, instead of 1 7 & 2 286. The complete number also consists of 474 digits and is still a multiple of 19.

333410 6234 114 7 1 286 2 200 3 … 5 113 6 114

Reversing the sequence of sura number and number of verses still gives us a long number that is a multiple of 19.

TENTH

If we write down the sum of verse numbers for Sura 1 (28), followed by the sum of verse numbers for Sura 2 (41041), and so on to the end of the Quran, and placing the Grand Sum of verse numbers (333410) at the end, the resulting long number consists of 377 digits, and is a multiple of 19.

28 41041 20100 … 15 21 333410

The sums of verse numbers for every sura in the Quran, are written next to each other, followed at the end by the Grand Sum of verse numbers (333410). This long number (377 digits) is a multiple of 19.

ELEVENTH

If we write down the number of suras in the Quran (114), followed by the total number of numbered verses (6234), followed by the number of every sura and its sum of verse numbers, the final long number (612 digits) is a multiple of 19.

114 6234 1 28 2 41041 3 20100 … 113 15 114 21

The number of suras, followed by the total number of numbered verses, then the number of every sura and its sum of verse numbers, produce this long number (612 digits) that is a multiple of 19.

TWELFTH

Lest anyone may think that any Quranic parameter is left un-guarded with this awesome mathematical code, let us look at more parameters. If we write down the number of suras (114), followed by the total number of numbered verses, followed by the Grand Sum of verse numbers in the whole Quran (333410), followed by the numbers of every sura and its verses, we end up with a very long number (12712 digits) that is a multiple of 19.

114 6234 333410 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 … 114 1 2 3 4 5 6

114, the total number of numbered verses, the Grand Sum of verse numbers (333410), then the number of every sura followed by all its verse numbers. This very long number (12712 digits) is a multiple of 19.

THIRTEENTH

If we write down the numbers of verses in every sura next to each other, we end up with a 235-digit number that is a multiple of 19. To do this, write down the total number of numbered verses in the Quran (6234), followed by the number of verses in every sura, then close with the total number of numbered verses in the Quran.

6234 7 286 200 176 … 127 … 5 4 5 6 6234

The total number of numbered verses (6234), followed by the number of verses in every sura, then closed again by the total number of numbered verses in the Quran (6234). This 235-digit number is a multiple of 19.

FOURTEENTH

If we write down the number of numbered verses in the Quran (6234), followed by the number of suras (114), followed by the number of every verse in every sura, then close with the number of numbered verses in the Quran (6234) and the number of suras (114), the final number consists of 12479 digits, and is a multiple of 19.

6234 114 1234567 12345…286 … 123456 6234 114

6234, then 114, then every verse number of every sura in the Quran, then closed by 6234 and 114 again. The final number consists of 12479 digits, and is a multiple of 19.

FIFTEENTH

Another long number that consists of 12774 digits is formed by writing down the number of every verse in every sura, followed by the number of every sura added to its number of verses. Sura 1 consists of 7 verses, and the total 1+7 is 8. Therefore, the number representing Sura 1 looks like this: 1234567 8. Since Sura 2 consists of 286 verses, the number representing Sura 2 looks like this: 12345…286 288.

1234567 8 12345…286 288 … 123456 120 (1+7=8, 2+286=288, 114+6=120)

The number of every verse in every sura is followed by the sum of the sura number and its verse count (e.g., 1+7=8, 2+286=288, 114+6=120). This long number consisting of 12774 digits is a multiple of 19.

Generated client-side using incremental modular arithmetic — (r × 10^d + n) mod 19 across all 6,234 verse numbers. No server involved. No large integers required. The same number you see is the one being checked.

More specialized features are presented in Appendix 2, 9, 19, 24, 25, 26, 29, and 37.


A Witness From the Children of Israel [46:10]

"Proclaim: 'What if it is from God, and you disbelieved in it? A witness from the Children of Israel has borne witness to a similar phenomenon, and he has believed, while you have turned too arrogant to believe. God does not guide the wicked.'" — [46:10]

The following quotation is taken from **Studies in Jewish Mysticism** (Association for Jewish Studies, Cambridge, MA; Joseph Dan & Frank Talmage, eds., p. 88, 1982). The quotation refers to the work of **Rabbi Judah the Pious** (12th Century AD):

<blockquote> The people [Jews] in France made it a custom to add [in the morning prayer] the words: "'Ashrei temimei derekh [blessed are those who walk the righteous way]," and our Rabbi, the Pious, of blessed memory, wrote that they were completely and utterly wrong. It is all gross falsehood, because there are only <strong>nineteen</strong> times that the Holy Name is mentioned [in that portion of the morning prayer]... and similarly you find the word 'Elohim <strong>nineteen</strong> times in the pericope of Ve-'elleh shemot. . . . Similarly, you find that Israel were called "sons" <strong>nineteen</strong> times, and there are many other examples. All these sets of nineteen are intricately intertwined, and they contain many secrets and esoteric meanings, which are contained in more than eight large volumes... Furthermore, in this section there are <strong>152 (19×8) words</strong>.

</blockquote>


Acknowledgments

All praise and thanks are due to God who has willed that His miracle of the Quran shall be revealed at this time. He has distinguished the following individuals and blessed them by revealing through them many portions of this momentous discovery:

Abdullah Arik, Mohamoud Ali Abib, Lisa Spray, Edip Yuksel, Ihsan Ramadan, Feroz Karmally, Ismail Barakat, Gatut Adisoma, Ahmed Yusuf, Cesar A. Majul, Muhtesem Erisen, and Emily Kay Sterrett.

End of Appendix 1: One of the Great Miracles [74:35]